Selection of Stainless Steel for Building External Application By yaang.com

Stainless steel is selected for architectural applications, as with most other applications, for their corrosion resistance. This is usually the prime consideration.

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity need to be taken into account, but the location of the proposed site is the initial consideration. The Nickel Institute's 'Stainless Steel in Architecture, Building and Construction Guidelines for Corrosion Prevention' publication categorizes sites as either: Rural,Urban,Industrial,Marine

Stainless Steel for Pipework Buried in Soil By yaang.com

Soil corrosivity is often classified by its resistivity.

0 - 1500 ohm.cm	very corrosive
1500 - 2500 ohm.cm	corrosive
2500 - 5000 ohm.cm	mildly corrosive
5000 - 10000 ohm.cm	slightly corrosive
> 10000 ohm.cm	non-corrosive

Experience suggests that there is little likelihood of corrosion of 304 and 316 stainless steel with soil resistivities of 2000 ohm.cm and above if the pH is greater than 4.5 and there is clean drainage and backfill.

As with other environments, chloride levels in relation to pitting and crevice corrosion may also influence the performance of stainless steel in soils and where higher chloride levels are anticipated inland or for non-tidal coastal areas or just where a greater degree of confidence is required, type 316 would be preferred. For coastal areas and other situations where a greater degree of resistance may be required, 2205 duplex stainless steel or super duplex stainless steel can be considered.

If thought necessary, external protection such as appropriate protective casings or tapes (taking care to ensure an effective overlap to avoid crevice corrosion) may be used. Stainless steel can also be cathodically protected.

Source: Zhejiang Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.yaang.com)

Selection Stainless Steel for Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl By yaang.com

Sodium hypochlorite only exists in solutions. The solution can be unstable, giving off chlorine gas. Sodium hypochlorite is not stable as a solid chemical. The hypochlorites, although alkaline, are oxidising. Commercially concentrated Sodium hypochlorite is around 15-wt %. Household bleach solutions are around 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.

The hypochlorite ion (OCl-) is aggressive to stainless steel, acting in a similar way to wet chlorine gas, and like the chloride ion (Cl-), is a dangerous pitting corrosion hazard.

Selection of Stainless Steel for Handling Chlorine Cl2 and ClO2 By yaang.com

Chlorine is a powerful oxidising agent. It normally occurs as a gas but can be liquefied under pressure at ambient temperature. As a dry gas it does not tend to be aggressive towards stainless steel, but as either a damp gas or dissolved in water it can be a corrosion hazard.

Chlorine readily forms chlorides when in contact with gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. Hydrochloric acid HCl can also be formed by these reactions.

Pitting and crevice corrosion of offshore stainless steel tubing By yaang.com

Oil and gas platforms regularly use stainless steel tubing in process instrumentation and sensing, as well as in chemical inhibition, hydraulic lines, impulse lines, and utility applications, over a wide range of temperatures, flows, and pressures. Corrosion of 316 stainless steel tubing has been observed in offshore applications around the world. Corrosion is a serious development that can lead to perforations of the stainless steel tubing wall and the escape, under pressure, of highly flammable chemicals.

Undersea Stainless Steel Pipeline History and Uses By yaang.com

The first major undersea stainless steel pipeline was built during World War II. Nicknamed Operation PLUTO (Pipe Line Under The Ocean), this stainless steel pipeline stretched 70 miles across the English Channel, connecting the Isle of Wight with the coast of France. The construction required 46 tons of building materials per mile. Operation PLUTO was intended to provide a safe way to transport fuel to Allied tankers. To keep the stainless steel pipeline secret, pumping stations along the route were disguised as garages and other inconspicuous buildings.

316L/316 Stainless Steel List By yaang.com

316 Stainless Steel is used for food and surgical stainless steel. Also known as marine grade stainless steel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304 stainless steel. 316L Stainless Steel is an extra low carbon grade of 316, generally used in stainless steel watches. Its resistance to chloride attack means it is often selected for use in marine atmospheres. 316Ti stainless steel includes titanium for heat resistance, therefore it is used in flexible chimney liners.

316 stainless steel is a molybdenum-bearing grade. This addition gives the better overall corrosion resistance properties than type 304 stainless steel and higher creep strength at elevated temperatures.

All stainless stock can be delivered mirror polished if required, Call for details.

316L Stainless Steel Differs From 316 Stainless Steel By yaang.com

Grade 316L Stainless Steel is very similar to 316 stainless steel. It is still considered a molybdemum-bearing grade and has properties that make it highly resistant to corrosive degradation. grade 316L stainless steel differs from 316 in that contain lower levels of carbon. The decreased level of carbon in this stainless steel makes this grade immune from sensitisation or grain boundary carbide precipitation. Because of this unique property, Grade 316L Stainless Steel tends to be commonly used in heavy gauge welding situations.  Additionally the lower carbon levels make this grade easier to machine. Like 316 stainless steel, 316L Stainless Steel because of its austenitic structure is extremely tough, even in the most extreme of temperatures.

316/316L Stainless Steel（UNS S31600/UNS S31603）By Yaang.com

Grade 316 / 316L | UNS S31600 / UNS S31603 | 1.4401 / 1.4404

These steels are the second most regularly specified stainless steels after Type 304 stainless steel and are part of the SAE defined 300 Series which encompasses a range of austenitic chromium-nickel alloys. Austenitic stainless steels like Type 316L stainless steel is widely available, have good general corrosion resistance, good cryogenic toughness, and excellent formability and weldability.

Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel: 316L/316 Stainless Steel By yaang.com

316L Stainless Steel or 316 stainless steel is a Chromium-Nickel stainless steel with added molybdenum to increase corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment. Please contact Best Stainless for more information about how 316 Stainless Steel can best suit your specific application.  We also distribute a variety of other grades of stainless steel, including 410 Stainless Steel.

Types 316 Stainless Steel and 316L Stainless Steel By yaang.com

Type 316 Stainless Steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that contains between two and three percent molybdenum. The molybdenum content increases corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting in chloride ion solutions and increases strength at high temperatures.

Type 316 stainless steel is particularly effective in acidic environments, protecting against corrosion caused by sulfuric, hydrochloric, acetic, formic and tartaric acids, as well as acid sulfates and alkaline chlorides.